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G. F. HUTCHINS AND G. CROSSLAND. DOUBLE FILE FABRIC AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME. APPLlCATlON FILED MAR. 20. I917.

Patented June 1?, 1919.

2 SHEETSSHEET l.

AND G. CROSSLAND. DOUBLE PILE FABRIC AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME.

,APPLICATION FILED MAR. 20. I917.

Patented June 17, 191$ 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

A Ill", III

' UNITED STATES 1 PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE F. HUTCHINS AND GEORGE CROSSLAIN'D, OF WORCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS,

ASSIGNORS TO CROMPTON & KNOWLES LOOM WORKS, OF WORCESTER, MASSACHU- SETTS, .A. CORPORATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.

DOUBLE-FILE FABRIC AND METHOD OF MAKING To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, GEOR E F. HUTGHINS and GEORGE CRossLAND, citizens. of the United States, residing at Worcester, in the county of Worcester and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful" Double-Pile Fabric and Method-of Making the Same, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates toa double pile fabric and to a method for forming said fabric, and has particular reference to very heavy fabrics such as cocoa-mats and s1m1-- x lar articles. I

The material used in the'manufacture of such fabrics is exceedingly stiff and unwieldy, and great difficulty is experienced in forming a satisfactory selvage when these fabrics are woven-in power looms. It is a principalobjectof our invent on to provide an improved method of weavln such fabrics by the use ofwhich a close an firm selvage may be secured.

To this end our improved method consists in part in inserting the pile wires after the'crossing of the pile warps, but outside of said crossing, and in then beating, up said wires and warps before, inserting the filling. In. the preferred form of our invention, the wires are, securely retained in advanced position after being beaten up 1 and the-filling is then driven up on a separate beat of' the lay before another pile wire is inserted.

It is customary to weave rugs and similar articles in series with interposed headings,

' and it is a' further object of our inventlon to provide an improved double heading for thick heavy double fabrics, as well as an improved method for the manufacture .thereof.

The double fabrics to which our improvements are particularly applicable "are of very substantialthickness, and in'order to maintain the successive portions of the fabric in proper alinement it is essential that the two surfaces or layers of the double heading should be similarly separated.

A feature of our invention of great importance relatesto the correct spacing of these surfaces or layers by pile wires inserted between them, and part cularly to the means and method of holding the pile wires Specification of Letters Patent.

. pile warps in the heading to retain position. This we accomplish by crossmg a-" sufiicient number only of separated reater irectly wires in upright positionwhile the portion of the p1le warps are woven into, the'separate flat layers of theheadconstruction and manipulation which will.

be hereinafter described and more'particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

A preferred form of our invention is shown in thedrawings, in which F1gure l is a diagrammatic sectional view of a POItlOIlOf double pile fabric showing the pile warps crossed and the pile wire lnserted outside of said crossing;

the pile Patented June 17, 1919. Application filed March 20, 1917. Serial-No. 156,172.

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view similar to r Fig. 1, showing the pile wire beaten u the binder warps separated to form a she and the filling inserted therein;

Fig. 3 1s a partial plan view ofthe fabric shown in Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 shows the same fabric as it would appear if the filling were inserted immediately after the'crosslng of the pile warps and before the pile wire had been beaten up;

Fig. 5 is a sectional plan view of a portion of double pile fabric taken along the line 5- 5 inFig. 6, and showing th method of {forming theheading, and

the lines 66 and '77 in Fig. 5 respectivel Referring to' Figs. 1 to 4, we will first describe our improved method of weaving heavy "fabrics, by which a firm selvage is secured. In Fig. 1 we have shown a double pile fabric having binder warps B, pile warps P,.and .filling F. Reference to the drawing will show that the fabric is of substantial thickness, being separated by .pile wires W which are often from one to two inches in width.

In accordance with our improved method.

ofweaving, we first cross the pile warps P, as shown in Fig. 1, and then insert a pile wire W outside of the crossing. The

lay is then advanced: to force the wire. W to the position shown in Fig. 2', and devices are provided for preventing backward movement of the wire from this position,

"s51 Figs. 6 and 7 are sectional elevations j taken along the two sheds.

'ward a second time to beat up the filling F, and during this heat of the lay the pile warps are again crossed, preliminary to the insertion of the succeeding pile wire.

The advantages attained by this improved method are clearly shown in Figs. 3 and 4. Fig. 3 shows the position occupied by the freshly inserted filling F when the pile wire is inserted and beaten up as above described. It will be seen that the filling is approximately in its final position at the selvage before it is beaten up, and that no looseness of the selvage is occasioned by the beating up of the filling thread. 'If-the pile wireisnot moved up and clamped against the pilej-Fwarps before the filling is inserted, the filling will assume the position shown in full lines in Fig. 4:, and when beaten up will occupy the position shown. in dotted lines therein, leaving a very loose and uni satisfactory selvage.

So far as we are advised, this method of weaving doublepile fabric is the only satisfactory methdd yet discovered by which heavy cocoa-mats and similar articles can be woven with a satisfactory selvage in power looms.

Referring to have indicated the method bywhich this heading is formed. As above indicated, the fabrics to which our invention is particularly applicable are of very considerable thickness, and it is essential that this thickness be maintained during the formation of the short heading which is interposed between the portions of the fabric which eventually form the separate articles of manufacture.

It is accordingly necessary that pile wires should be inserted in the heading in the same way that they are inserted in the body of the fabric, and when thus inserted it is essential that they should be maintained in upright position. In order to accomplish this result, we select certain pile warps spaced apart throughout the width of the fabric and we cross these warps in the heading as in the body of the fabric. The number of these warps is made as small as possible, and they are only sufficient in number to hold the pile wires in position. The remaining warp threads are woven directly into the separate portions of the double heading without crossing from one side of the fabric to the other. I

This method of forming a heading is clearly shown in the drawings in'which the dark colored pile warp P is crossed Figs. 5, 6 and 7, we have 'shown therein our improved heading and throughout the heading to retain the pile wires W in position, while the lighter colored pile warps P and P are crossed in a similar manner in the body of the fabric,

but are confined to a single surface or layer of the fabric during the formation of the heading.

We thus maintain the thickness of the fabric and at the same time materially decrease the amount of pile warp material required, as the warps P and P do not cross from side to side of the fabric, and a large amount of material is thus saved.

It is found that 'a very small number of. warps P are sufficient to retain the wires W in position, not over four warps being required in a door mat or rug of ordinary width. The few tufts produced in the heading in cutting the rugs apart can be readily removed after the pile is cut, and will not materially disfigure the finished articles.

Having thus described our invention it will be evident that changes and modifications can be made in our improved methods and the products thereof without departing from thespirit and scope of our invention as set forth .in the claims, and we do not wish to be otherwise limited to the details herein disclosed, but what we claim is- 1. The method of weaving double pile fabrics having spaced parallel woven layers which consists in crossing the pile warps between said layers, inserting a pile wire outside of the crossing, beating up said pile wire, inserting a filling shot in each woven layer before again crossing the pile warps, and thereafter beating up the filling shots and pile .wireand crossing the pile warps rearward of said wire.

2. The *method of weaving double pile fabrics having spaced parallel woven layers which consists in crossing the pile warps between said layers, inserting a pile wire outside of the crossing, moving forward said pile wire and retaining it in advanced position, inserting the filling in each woven layer, without crossing the pile warps, and thereafter beating up the filling and againcrossing the pile warps.

3. The method of weaving double pile fabrics having spaced parallel woven layers which consists in crossing the pile warps between said layers, inserting a pile wire outside of the crossing, forcing forward said pile wire, separating the binder warps in each layer of the fabric to form sheds for the passing of the shuttles, retainingthe pile wires in advanced position, inserting the filling in said sheds without crossing the pile warps, and thereafter beating up said filling and again crossing the pile warps rearward of said pile wire.

4. The method of weaving double pile fabrics with interposed headings which consists in weaving the entire fabric With the layers separated by pile wires, crossing certainselected pile warps only to hold the pile wires in place in the heading, and weaving the remaining pile warps directly rated flat surfaces of the heading.

5. The method of Weaving double pile fab rice with interposed headings which consists in weaving the fabric with a plurality of pile warps and interposed pile wires, and weaving the heading also with interposed 'pile wires but with a reduced number of pile -w'arps crossing betweenthe fabrics while at the same time the remaining pile warps are Woven into the separated heading layers without crossing from side to side of the fabric.

6. A heading for double pile fabrics comprising spaced layers of fabric containing the binder warps and the greater portion of the pile warps of the pile fabric and joined together by a few selected pile warps effective merely to prevent displacement of into the sepa the pile wires during the weaving of the heading.

7. A double pile fabric comprising body portions and interposed headings, the latter being formed of tWo separate flat fabric portions joined only by single pile threads spaced apart and effective to retain the pile wires in upright position between said fiat portions of the headings.

8. A double pile fabric comprising body portions having closely adjacent ile warps crossing from one layer of the fabric to the other, and having interposed headings in which separated pile warps only cross from one layer of the heading to the other, the in tervening pile warps being Woven directly into the two layers of the heading.

In testimony whereof we have hereunto aflixed our signatures.

GEORGE F. HUTOHINS. GEORGE CROSSLAND. 

